Stomach Flu in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

Stomach flu, also known as gastroenteritis, is a common illness in children. The symptoms are often mild and can typically be managed at home. However, it can become dangerous if not treated properly, as vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration.

Causes of Stomach Flu in Children

Stomach flu is an infectious disease that causes inflammation in the digestive tract, specifically the stomach and intestines. The causes can include:

Viruses: Common viruses include rotavirus, which mainly affects children between the ages of 3 and 15 months, and adenovirus, which tends to affect children under two years old.
Bacteria: Bacterial infections such as Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Parasites: Parasitic infections can also cause gastroenteritis.

The viruses and bacteria that cause stomach flu spread easily through contaminated food or drinks, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then putting hands in the mouth.

Symptoms of Stomach Flu in Children

The main symptoms of stomach flu include:

Loss of appetite.
Diarrhea: Watery and frequent stools, usually lasting from two to four days.
Vomiting and nausea: Typically lasts one or two days.
Stomach pain.
Chills.
Fever: Sometimes.

Depending on the cause, symptoms may appear differently. If the infection is viral, the vomiting or diarrhea may start and can be greenish or brown. Fever and vomiting are common, but usually subside quickly. However, diarrhea may last for over a week. In bacterial infections, fever tends to be higher and lasts longer.

Is Stomach Flu Dangerous?

Stomach flu can become dangerous if a child becomes dehydrated due to loss of fluids from vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration can lead to serious complications, as the body needs adequate fluids to produce enough blood to support the functioning of vital organs like the heart and brain.

Symptoms of Dehydration in Children:

Sunken eyes.
Sunken soft spot (fontanel) on an infant's head.
No tears when crying.
Dry mouth and skin.
Decreased urination.

Infants, especially those under six months old, are at a higher risk of dehydration and should be taken to a doctor immediately.

What to Do If Your Child Has Stomach Flu

Rest and Hydration: Ensure your child gets enough rest and stays hydrated to avoid dehydration.
Breastfeeding: For infants under six months, continue breastfeeding. Avoid giving large amounts at once, as this can worsen nausea and bloating.
Oral Rehydration Solution: For children over six months, an oral rehydration solution can help replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
Feeding in Small Amounts: If vomiting continues, offer small amounts of food every 30-60 minutes. Gradually resume normal feeding once vomiting subsides.
Zinc Ointment for Diaper Rash: Diarrhea can cause diaper rash and skin irritation around the anus. Clean the area gently, dry it with a clean towel, and apply zinc ointment to prevent stool from irritating the skin.
Fever Management: You can give fever-reducing medication, but avoid giving ibuprofen to children under six months and aspirin to young children. Always consult a doctor before giving any medication.

When to See a Doctor:

If symptoms of dehydration are severe.
If vomiting and diarrhea last longer than 48 hours.
If your child has a high fever.
If symptoms do not improve or worsen.

By following preventive and treatment guidelines, the risk of complications from stomach flu can be minimized, ensuring the child recovers safely.