The impact of food, medication, and physical activity on the fetus is well-known, but it appears that the emotional state of pregnant women also affects the baby. Usually, the fetus will respond only if negative emotions occur frequently and for extended periods. This is because when a pregnant woman cries due to sadness or stress, her body produces the stress hormone cortisol, which can affect the growth of the baby's brain.
Thus, it is important for expectant mothers to maintain their mental health during pregnancy and after childbirth. According to Healthline, here are some of the psychological disorders that pregnant women may experience and their effects:
Pregnancy Depression
Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders during pregnancy. It tends to be worse during the first and third trimesters, with symptoms easing in the second trimester. Depression can be treated through cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychological counseling.
Panic Disorder
Pregnant women can develop panic disorder due to prolonged exposure to anxiety and stress, which leads to an increase in cortisol levels. If left untreated, increased cortisol can negatively affect fetal development. Treatment without medication, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, sleep hygiene, and adjusting eating habits, can be helpful.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
OCD involves recurring obsessions and compulsive behaviors that are hard to control. This condition can emerge early in pregnancy and may worsen during or after pregnancy. OCD can interfere with a pregnant woman's daily life and may require behavioral therapy and medication.
Eating Disorders
Although eating disorders may improve during pregnancy, some women may still experience them, which can affect their readiness for natural childbirth and increase the risk of postnatal depression and low birth weight in infants.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is frequently experienced by pregnant women, often persisting after childbirth. It can be treated during pregnancy with medication, but continuous monitoring of the woman's mental and behavioral health is necessary.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia, a severe psychotic disorder, can worsen or improve during pregnancy. Women with schizophrenia require close monitoring and treatment from healthcare providers to ensure proper care for both the mother and the baby. Untreated schizophrenia can result in premature births, low birth weight, and even stillbirth.
Psychological Changes During Pregnancy
- Severe Stress and Anxiety: Pregnant women who cry constantly are at greater risk of severe stress, anxiety, and even depression, which can affect their health. These conditions may lead to trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, and other difficulties.
- Lack of Energy: Pregnant women often experience a lack of energy due to emotional changes.
- Pregnancy Complications: Although psychological changes do not directly cause dehydration, they may lead to neglecting basic needs like drinking enough water, which can reduce blood flow to the fetus and increase the risk of complications, such as impaired fetal brain development. Constant crying during pregnancy can also increase the likelihood of hyperactivity and attention deficit in the child once born.
Tips for Managing Psychological Changes During Pregnancy
- Consult a Mental Health Professional: If you notice symptoms of psychological disorders, it is important to seek professional help to alleviate the symptoms.
- Exercise Regularly: Light exercise can boost endorphin production, improving mood. However, it is essential to consult a doctor before starting any exercise program.
- Good Sleep Habits: Establish a consistent sleep schedule to improve the quality of your sleep.
- Avoid Excessive Caffeine: It is advisable to avoid excessive caffeine and sugary foods to manage psychological changes during pregnancy. Instead, opt for nutritious foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, etc.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fatty fish (mackerel, sardines, and tuna), avocados, nuts, and olive oil, can improve mood.
- Relaxation Techniques: Regular meditation and relaxation can help calm your mood and improve sleep quality.
- Seek Support: Be open and share your feelings with your partner, family, or close friends. Seeking support can help alleviate stress and foster emotional well-being.
These strategies can be beneficial for expecting mothers, helping to ensure a healthier mental state during pregnancy and beyond.
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